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The library

Buying guides2 guides

Written for buyers who wire real money to dealers they have not met. Each guide sets out what the paperwork should say, what disclosure looks like and where the risk actually sits.

Treatment and disclosure

Emerald oiling grades, explained

Nearly every emerald reaches the market with surface-reaching fissures, and nearly every one has had those fissures filled. Oiling is not a scandal; it is the standing condition of the emerald trade, accepted for centuries on one term: the amount of filler present is graded, disclosed and priced.

4 min readUpdated Sep 2, 2026